Gas-purifier.



c. PLUSSEL .GAS PURIFIER.

APPLICATION FILED 38.25, 19(29. LQE'BS QBQQ Patented Feb.25,1918.

4 SHEETS-S HEBT 1.

0. PLb'ssB GAS PURIFIER.

APPLICATION FILED 313.25, 1909.

Patented Feb. 25, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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2355mm Feb.25,1913' 0. FLUSSEL.

GAS PURIFIER.

APPLICATION FILED 22.25, 1909 0. PLbssEL.

GAS PUB-IFIER.

LIGATION FILED 11325, 1909.

APP

Patented Feb. 25, 3.913.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARL FLUSSEL, OF MUNICH, GERMANY.

. GAS-PURIFIER.

1 .osaase.

To all whom it may concern.-

'Be it known that. I, Cant. Fnossnn, citizen of Germany, residing atMunich, Kingdom of Bavaria, in the Empire of Germany, have inventedcertain new andusetul Improvements in Gas-Purifiers; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to rotary or centrifugal gas purifiers and, morein particular, to axial gas purifiers, that is to say, purifyingapparatus in which the general direction of travel of the gases to becleaned, such as gases from blast furnaces and other products ofcombustion issuing from furnaces, kilns, and the like, is longitudinalor parallel to the axis of the purifier drum, as contradistinguishedfrom radial.

It is the object of this invention to reduce the. amount of powerrequired to drive such purifiers with relation to the output, and alsothe amount of water or wash-liquid consumed in the cleaning operation.

Another object of the invention is to utilize a portion of the kineticenergy of the gases as they pass through the purifier to drive theapparatus and to separate the impurities as they are precipitated out ofthe gas and to compel them to travel in a direction substantiallyopposite to the general path of the gases and, moreover, to arrange themeans for this purpose so as to consume a minimum quantity of energy..

In realizing these aims my invention comprises vanes having sucha-curvature or inclination with respect to the axis as to feed the gasesforward and in combination with these, exterior or peripheralvaneshaving an opposite curvature or slope and rigidly secured withrespect to the first set of inner vanes. These latter vanes, beingarranged at the periphery of the drum, that is to say at the portionwhere, by virtue of the-centrifugal action, the heavier particles ofimpurities collect, and which I briefly denominate the outer dust zoneof the apparatus, will serve to ett'ectually separate these impuritiesand they require a relatively re stricted area, which means a,considerable savingin power for this purpose. These separators I havefound to work soetiectively that:,.in.fsome cases the injection of waterinto this dust-zonev canfbe dispensed with, although I find thesam'e ofadvantage Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed February 25, 1909.

Patented Feb. 25,1913.

Serial No. 479,998.

in many cases. Under all circumstances the arrangement enables me toreduce the amount of water required very substantially. My inventionmoreover, comprises details of construction and combinations of parts,designed to simplify and eheapen the manufacture of the purifyinapparatus. In the accom )anying drawings I have represented severa formsof apparatus for carrying out my invention in its preferred form.

In these drawingsFigure 1 represents a longitudinal central section ofpurifier; Fig. l a detail plan view of same; Fig. 2 a detail view inelevation showing a somewhat modified form of blades; Fig. 3 atransverse vertical section, somewhat modified; Figs. 4 and 5longitudinally central sections, each showing two further modifications;Figs. 5 ant 5 detail views in perspective and plan, respectively, of theupper modification shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 6 a longitudinal centralsection showing two further modifications; Fig. 7 a transverse verticalsection of the modification shown in the upper part of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 alongitudinal central section showing two further modifications; Figs. 9,10, 11, 12 and 13 detail views thereof.

Turning now to Figs. 1. 2 and 3, it will be, seen that the inlet for thegases to be purified is at E, at the bottom of one end of the drum orcasing D, and the outlet, A, at the bottom of the opposite end. The gas,on its entry into the casing and before its exit, passes through annularchambers, c and (2, within which are arranged annularly disposed nozzlesm, m, for injecting or spraying the water or other wash-liquidlongitudinally into the casing, said nozzles forming partof the waterinjecting devices w, w, here in the form of annular tubes perforatedatintervals to form a series of water injectors. The nozzles, m, it willbe noted, are nearer to the center or axis of the purifier-than thenozzles, m, for a purpose to be explained below. On the rotary shaft, I,are mounted a number of disks or other supports, la, 7.2, h, sup ortinga sheet-metal cylinder or mantle on the peripheries of which are mountedthe vanes or blades, Z, which may be continuous helical blades, as shownin Fig. 2, or discontinuous, the adjoining blades being set back withrelation to-each' other so as to leave a space between them, theadjoining bladesfbeing, moreover. curved in opposite directions,- asshown in tit) "otthe e'asing'under theaetion of-the cen- 'trifugalforce. Besid'e's the'se blades or vanes, Ltherenrem-raaged on theperiphery a series of bladesor vanes, g, which are of such a width thatthey lie only in, the outer dust-zone of the drum. These blades orvanes, q, as best shown in Fig. 2, are of such aeurvatnre that they movethe matter accumulating in the narrow outer dust-zone in the directionof the arrows, 1, Fig. 1, that is to say, in a direction substantiallyoppoblades site to the course of the gases, indicated by arrows, 2, Fig.1, the forward movement of said gases being promoted by the vanes orblades, Z. As indicated in Fig. 3, additional blades or vanes, q may bearranged at intermediate points between the blades, 9.

This apparatus operates as follows: The gases to be washed enter at Eand then pass in an annular stream between the vanes, Z, toward theoutlet, A, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 1. As they issue from theannular 'chainber, 0, they are mixed with the wash liquid sprayed fromthe nozzles m, This and the change in direction oftheir course serves tothrow outa portion of the'inipurities. On passing between the 'vau'escoated with the film of water, said vanes being const'rt'zctetl andarranged as described in connectioh with Fig. 1, an appreciable recoveryof power-results, by virtue of certain vanes being set back with respectto the others and having their convexity, opposite to that of thelatter, as has been set forth in my aforesaid patent. The matter, 'suchas (last and other inipurities together with the wash liquid which ishurled into the outer or dust zone of the drum is then deflected in adirectionsubstantially "opposite to the cohr's'e of the gases, in a thinsheet or stream, 9 means 'of the narrow outer vanes or "q, alone ore'onjointly with the stream at Wash liquid, which is projected from theaezz es, o'r injectors, 'm,for this purpose. Since the power consumedfor conveying the impurities out of the apparatus in the directioiiindicated is a function of the surface of the bla des, r andm'ay betaken as app ematurely proportional to such surface, it

van as assessed nat ve-ensembl saving ,of. power results .In [arrangingfthes'e ssas diseases: was, em-eh permits at mamas thern r7 narrowconsistent tli assiteeuve ream ttgimp'ariaas.

" In the medias-anterepresents "in Fig. 4

the centrifugal action is in part imparted to the gasesby the frictionof the disks, which in this instance are intended to revo ve at a veryhigh degree of speed.

The gas inlet, E, and outlet, A, are situated axially, and the annularseries of wash liquid injecting nozzles, 10, are arranged at thedelivery end of the casing A, and thus are adapted to deliver a sprayinto the zone of the peripheral vanes, 1 which are tot-med, constructedand arranged as in Figs. 1 to 3. In this case again the travel of theimpurities is in a direction substantially opposite to that of thegeneral direction of the gases.

In the form of device represented in the upper half of Fig. 4, thedisks. o, 'v, are mounted on a central conical diaphragm. Y, havinginlet openings, 3 between the disks, 2', '21, said openings, 3 beingflanged outwardly or upwardly into the drum or casing, as shown, theupper edges of the flanges being all substantially equidistant from theaxis of the apparatus, said flanges extending only a part of thedistance into the casin however. The disks, 1), 'v, 1'. are provi edwith openings, 2, adjoining the diaphragm, Y. These disks areintersected by the longitudinal blades, Z. By this arrangement the gasesentering at E and passing into the interior of the casing through theopenings, y, are caused to describe an undulating tortuous course, whosegeneral direction, however, is longitudinal, as indicated by the arrows.Hereby and by the centrifugal action of the disks, they are freed fromthe heavier particles and impurities as described hereinabove. In thisapparatus again the peripheral vanes, (I actto sweep the impuritiescollecting in the narrow dust zone, out. of the drum in a directionsubstantially opposite to the general course of the gases, and thisaction is preferably assisted by the water spraying nozzles 10, arrangedin line with the helical vanes. 17, as set forth in connection withFig. 1. In this construction the blades r and Z are inclined in the samemanner as described in connection with the form of apparatus shown inFigs. 1 and 2.

In the form of apparatus shown in the lower half of Fig. 4 theundulating course is imparted to the gases by a somewhat different.arrangement of disks 0, a), n, and partitions or baliles, m, m, m, whichextend to the peripheral vanes, I but sto) short some distance from theaxis, where they are bent over as shown, so as to form openings. 1 and 2with the disks 1:. The gases follow the path indicated by the arrows.There is, in this instance, one stream of gas flowing in series, whilein the construction represented in the upper half of this figure anumber of streams of gases are flowing through the casing in multiple."

In" other respects, the two constructions are .1

loo

identical. In these constructions also the impurities are swept backwardinto an annular space, 1, where they are discharged in any suitable andconvenient manner.

In Fig. 5, another modification embodying my invention is shown, whichmodification is broadlythe same as the form illustrated in Fig. 1,except in the following particulars. There is an annular wash liquidinjector, 1V, m, only at the outlet end of the casing and so arranged asto throw the liquid longitudinally into and through the peripheral orouter dust-zone. In the form of construction shown in the upper half ofthis figure, the vanes for imparting centrifugal action to the gases areshown at 0, 0, and 1), and they are mounted on disks. a, s, and t, 2,respectively, which disks are. keyed to the rotatable shaft I. Thetriangular vanes, 0, 0, are only large enough to occupy the outerportion of the casing toward the periphery, while the vanes, 72 occupysubstantially the entire space from the cen ter to the periphery. Thesevanes 0 and 7). are preferably curved as shown in Fig. 5 and set backwith relation to each other as shown in Fig. 5 This cutting away of thevanes 0, together with the axial openings, s in the. disks, 8, and theopenings, a. between the disks, .6, and the periphery of -the casing hasthe purpose of forcing the gases to flow toward the center in each alternate compartment, whence it undergoes further centrifugal. action oncoming into contact with the blades. v

The form of construction represented in the lower half of Fig. issubstantially the same as that just described, except that. thecompartments containing the vanes corresponding to the vanes 7, 7) ofthe upper half of said figure are subdivided by'additional disks, ,1 towhich a series of vanes, 72 p are secured, said vanes extendingto bothsides of the disks and having a space or slot between them, as shown.The operation of this modification is, in substance. the same as that inthe forms already described. The repeated abrupt changes in directionwhich the entering at E undergo, in.

combination with the centrifugal action imparted to them by the vanes,causes the impurities to be thrown out of suspension. and they. byvirtue of their greater specific gravity, are thrown in the majorproportion into the outer dust-zone of the drum or casing. indicated inthe drawing. Here the impurities are swept in a direction opposite tothe general direction of the gases. which is longitudinal as before, bythe vanes. g, curved as already decribed in connection with Figs. 1 to3, that is, so as to incline oppositely thereto with respect to an axialdirection. It is preferred also to combine these vanes, g, with thewater or washliquid injectors, W, m, which throw a spray blades.

of liquid into the outer dust zone in an axial direction opposite to thegeneral direction of the gases, thus cooperating with said for thispurpose. These impurities, with orwvithout water, collect in the annularspace. 1'. at the right of the casing, whence they leave the machinethrough a suitable outlet. if at the bottom of said casmg as shown.being, if desired assisted in this action by suitable exhaustingapparatus, as will be readily understood.

- Figs. 6 and T show an apparatus under this invention which issubstantially the form disclosed in l ig. 4, slightly modified. Themodification resides in the mode of attachment of the peripheral. vanesor blades. 0 to the disks. This consists in the arrangcmcnt, at suitableintervals, of bent' angle-irons. r deflected from a radial direc- -tionand riveted to the disks. 7. as shown.

The tree arms or flanges. 1", of the angleirons r form further drivingmeans for the gases. and it the direction of rotation of the disks. isthat indicated by the large arrow in 7. it will be readily understoodthat the centrifugal action imparted to the gases: will be greatlyincreased by the radial component of the action of said flanges. r, asindicated by the small arrows in Fig. T. The peripheral blades or vanes,1 so curved or inclined as to force the impurities in a directionopposite to the general course taken by the gases, are arranged betweenthe ends of adjacent angle irons. w as shown, and are riveted with theirends to the said ends of the angle irons, which extend beyond the disks.4:. into the narrow annular peripheral space adjoining the inner surfaceof the drum. D. all asshown in Figs. 6 and 7.

The modified structure illustrated in Figs. 8 to 13 inclusive differsfrom that shown in Fig. 5 only in some details of construction. Theaneso and 79 have a curvature radially and circumtcrentially as bestshown in Figs. 11,. lQan'd l3. Thesc vanes, as best seen in Figs. 11 and12, are deflected some what froma radial direction. The peripheralbladcs or vanes, 1 as best seen in Figs. 11 and 13 are preferably bentover at their edges near the inner surface of the drum, bu t notnecessarily so, the essential fact being that their curiature anddirection such that the impurities collecting in the peripheral zonewill be swept forward in a direction opposite to the general coursetaken by the gases. The arrangement of the blades or vanes, 0 and 22 ashere shown permits a recovering of energy and hence economy in power ina manner substantially equivalent to that in the device represented :1Fig. 1. V

As to the lower half of Fig. 8, the only point in which the constructionthere shown difiers from that illustrated in the lower half of Fig. 5,is that the number of intermediate disks, t, t, is increased, thesedisks being ar 'anged with their upper and lower edges in an obliqueline, so as to facilitate the passage of the gases into the interspaces. The transverse vanes are here absent, nun-cover.

The mode of operation, not diflering essentially from that described inconnection with Fig. 5, need not here be recited.

lvhat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is t-- 1. In a gaspurifier, a drum and a series of rotary blades arranged to force thegases forward longitudinally in the dru1n,in combination with a seriesof blades arranged to rotate with the first series of rotary bladesarranged in the peripheral Zone of the drum and so shaped as topositively force the matter there accumulating in a direction oppositeto the. general course taken by the, gases.

In a gas purifier, a drum provided with an inlet and an outlet atopposite ends, and a series of revolving blades arranged and adapted tocause the gas to travel longitudinally of the drum, in combination withexterior peripheral blades adapted to revolve with the first series ofblades, and having an inclination with respectto the axis of the drum,so as to force the matter 'aceuunilating in the outlet peripheral zonein a direction opposite to the general course of the gases.

In a gas purifier, the combination with a drum having an inlet and anoutlet at opposite ends,"of a series of rotary gas conveyinglongitudinal blades adapted to cause the gas to travel longitudinall ofthe drum, each blade being inclined with respect to the axis of the drumand a series of exterior peripheral blades oppositely inclined withrespect to the axis and fixed with relation to the first named blades.

4. In a gas purifier, the combination with a drum having an inlet and anoutlet at opposite ends, of a series of rotary gas conveyinglongitudinal blades adapted to cause the gas to travel longitudinally ofthe drum, each blade being inclined with respect to the axis of thedrum, and a series of exterior peripheral blades oppositely inclined andfixed with relation to the first named blades, said peripheral bladesbeing narrower than the gas conveying blades.

In a gas purifier, a drum having an inlet and an outlet at oppositeends, in combination with a series of rotary helical blades or vanesrunning lcngthwise'of the drum and adapted to cause the gas to travel,longitudinally 'of said drum, and a series of exterior peripheraloppositely inclined helical blades fixed with relation to the first-series o 1? blades.

6. In a gas purifier, a drum having an inlet and an outlet at oppositeends, in combination with a, series of rotary helical blades or vanesrunning lengthwise of the drum and adapted to cause the gas to travellongitudinally of said drum, and a series of outer and narroweroppositely inclined helical blades or vanes, fixed with relation to thefirst Series of blades.

7. in a gas purifier, a drum having an inlet and an outlet at oppositeends, in combination with a series of rotary longitudinal gascoi'iveying vanes inclined with respect to the axis of the drum andadapted to cause the to travel longitudinally of said drum. a series ofouter oppositely inclined blades or vanes fixed with relation to thefirst series of blades, and a liquid injecting device in line with eachseries of blades or vanes and adapted to inject wash liquid in thedirection of the thrust of the respective series-of vanes.

8. In a gas purifier, a drum having an outlet and an inlet at oppositeends, in combination with a series of rotary longitudinal gasconvcyingvanes, inclined with respect to the axis of the drum and adapted tocause the gas to travel longitudinally of said drum. an outer rotaryseries of dust. expelling vanes oppositely inclined to the first seriesarranged to rotate with the same, and a liquid injecting device in linewith the outer vanes.

9. in a gas purifier, a series of longitudinal vanes secured to a rotaryshaft, in combination with a series of peripheral vanes secured to theoutside of the longitudinal vanes, the peripheral vanes being inclinedwith respect to the longitudinal vanes.

- in testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature in the presence oftwo witnesses.

CARL FLOSSEL. Witnesses ll in'rx FLUSSEL, LOUIS unmask.

